Salary data
Pay across roles and cities
Modelled pay estimates anchored to BLS, ONS, and Levels.fyi medians. Free, cited.
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Browse by role
10 roles
Backend engineer
Backend engineers build the server-side systems that power applications: APIs, databases, distributed systems, business logic, and infrastructure. The role spans framework design, data modelling, scaling under load, and service reliability.
Top paying city: San Francisco $291,000
Data engineer
Data engineers build the pipelines and warehouses that move data from product systems to analytics and ML consumers. The role spans batch ETL, streaming ingestion, schema evolution, data quality, and the storage and compute decisions behind the modern data stack.
Top paying city: San Francisco $308,000
Data scientist
Data scientists apply statistical and machine learning methods to extract insights, build predictive models, and inform product decisions. Interviews lean heavily on statistics, SQL, experimentation, and translating ambiguous business problems into analytical ones.
Top paying city: San Francisco $319,000
DevOps engineer
DevOps engineers own the build, release, and runtime platform that other engineers depend on. The work covers CI/CD pipelines, infrastructure-as-code, container orchestration, secrets management, and the observability stack that makes production debuggable.
Top paying city: San Francisco $291,000
Frontend engineer
Frontend engineers build the interfaces users interact with: rendering systems, state management, accessibility, and performance. Modern frontend interviews cover JavaScript fundamentals, React patterns, browser internals, and increasingly complex client-side architectures.
Top paying city: San Francisco $269,000
Full-stack engineer
Full-stack engineers ship end-to-end web product features. They are fluent in TypeScript, React, Node or another backend runtime, and the database underneath. Strong full-stack engineers move smoothly between UI work, API design, and operational concerns without a handoff.
Top paying city: San Francisco $274,000
ML engineer
Machine learning engineers productionise ML systems: training pipelines, model serving, feature stores, monitoring, and the surrounding distributed infrastructure. Interviews blend ML fundamentals with strong systems-engineering chops.
Top paying city: San Francisco $382,000
Product designer
Product designers shape what a product looks like, how it behaves, and how users move through it. The role spans research, interaction design, visual design, prototyping, and shipping production-ready specs alongside engineering. Strong designers carry a design system and a point of view.
Top paying city: San Francisco $291,000
Product manager
Product managers own outcomes for a product area. They identify problems, prioritise solutions, work cross-functionally with engineering, design, and data, and ship value. Interviews stress product sense, structured thinking, analytics, and stakeholder collaboration.
Top paying city: San Francisco $351,000
Site Reliability Engineer
Site Reliability Engineer salary and interview data sourced from BLS, ONS, and Levels.fyi.
Top paying city: San Francisco $324,000
Methodology
Every figure on these pages is a modelled estimate anchored to published medians, not a database of individual offers. The full explanation of how the anchors, seniority multipliers, and city adjustments fit together lives on the methodology page.
Each role and city slice reports five percentile points: p10, p25, p50 (median), p75, and p90. The percentile spread is fitted to the cross-sectional dispersion BLS publishes for US tech occupations, then applied to the city-adjusted median in local currency.
Seniority multipliers
- Junior: 0.65x
- Mid: 1.00x, the anchor
- Senior: 1.45x
- Staff: 2.05x
These multipliers approximate the Levels.fyi-observed ladder for L3 through L6 in large-cap tech employers and are stable across cities.
Sources
- US BLS OES May 2024: bls.gov/oes
- UK ONS ASHE 2025: ons.gov.uk ASHE
- Levels.fyi 2025 H1 verified-offer aggregates: levels.fyi
- Cost-of-living indices: Numbeo 2025 plus Mercer 2025 blended.
Disclaimer
Last reviewed: May 2025. Salary figures describe reported medians from public sources; individual outcomes vary by employer, level calibration, geographic premium, and negotiation. Nothing on this page is financial or legal advice.